ORIGIN OIL
It is of fossil
origin, the result of the transformation of organic matter from zooplankton and
algae deposited in large quantities in anoxic zones of lakes or seas of the
geological past, were later buried under heavy layers of sediment.
They originated
from the remains of plants and microorganisms buried for millions of years and
subject to various physical and chemical processes. The chemical transformation
(natural cracking) due to heat and pressure during diagenesis occurs in
successive stages from bitumen increasingly lighter hydrocarbons (liquid and
gas).
These products
rise to the surface, because of its lower density, due to the porosity of
sedimentary rocks. When the geological circumstances that prevent this rise
(oil traps as impermeable rocks, anticlinal structures, margins of salt
diapirs, etc.) are then formed oilfields occur.
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